Global and National Health

Questions: 1. Write a report on community health. 2. Explain Identification of a potential health issue and the role of the registered nurse. Answers: Part A Introduction The said assissgnment is about identifying health issues in a city situated in South Australia by reviewing the community, area, population, climate, lifestyle, etc of the said city. The features of a city can determine a lot about the potential health issues the individual living in the city may face, thus, assessment of such conditions before hand can prevent many contagious and dangerous diseases from spreading. Thus, the assessment of the city situated in South Australia called Horizon is based on several aspects which help in arriving at a conclusion for future health hazards in the city along with giving the medical department in the city a chance to prevent the health hazards. City of Horizon Community Assessment Biophysical Assessment Biophysical Assessment is reviewing the physical and biological parameters of an ecosystem which includes every detail of its geology, hydrology and soil. Thus, in the present case, the city of Horizon is undergoing a Biophysical Assessment which will review the citys age profile, gender profile and ethnicity and cultural profile. Age Profile In 2011, the population of Horizon city increased by 15.3 % , making the population of Horizon city having 30,000 residents who are divided by their age structure into different age groups as follows:- Service age group totaling to approximately 2435 in population Dominant group totaling to approximately 2055 in population (Gulliver, Griffiths and Christensen 2010). Five years age group totaling to approximately 2429 in population Gender Profile The gender profile in the city of Horizon is 14,657 females and 13,693 males in total. Ethnicity and Cultural Profile There are many ethnic groups in Australia who share similar cultures and traditions. Some of these ethnic groups in Australia are as follows:- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander who are approximately 652 in population in 2011 Australian born who are 24,358 who are approximately 24,358 in population in 2011 Speaks language other than English at home who are approximately 1446 in population in 2011 Psychological Assessment - Psychological Assessment is referred to a technique which is used to derive a conclusion about an individuals capacities, personality and behavior. Communication network The communication network in Horizon city is also varied just like its population and newspapers, television shows and radio are available in different languages other than English (Wakefield, Loken and Hornik, 2010). Volunteer Agencies There are variety of volunteer agencies in the city of Horizon serving working and serving for different causes and issues. Some of them are for the ethnic community in the city of horizon while the others are for the non-English speaking inhabitants of the city. Law enforcement As the city of Horizon is located t the south east coast of South Australia only approximately 320 kilometers away from Adelaide, the law enforcement agencies like the police and the Courts of Adelaide are in charge of the city of Horizon. The police forces and the courts of Adelaide district govern the laws and punish for the crimes and offences in the city of Horizon, thus the jurisdiction of the city of Horizon is with the Adelaide district in Australia. However, the city of Horizon has its prison for offenders (Tremblay et al 2010). Emergency Services There are many hospitals and emergency centers in the city of Horizon. However, the Horizon Hospital and Health Service is one of the most popular features of the city of Horizon. Social Support Services Many social support services function in the city of Horizon that help many needy people like the indigenous groups, non-English population, etc. Physical Environment Physical Environment reviews the different aspects of natural resources in a city. Geography The city of horizon is situated in the Limestone costal region of South Australia, 320 kms away from Adelaide and 530 kms North West of Melbourne. The geography of Australia is diverse having forests, mountains and coastline. Population size The resident population of the city of Horizon in 2016 was 29.803 with a population density of 6.86 person / hectare. Classification The classification in the city of Horizon is divided into suburbs and localities of Cape Arch, Beachside, Yonder Hill, Limestone Point and Woodside. Climate the city of Horizon is situated on a coastline which makes the climate pleasant and humid although out the year attracting many tourists. Air Quality The air quality in the city of Horizon is very good as it is a coastal region. Water Source Availability and Quality As the city of horizon is a city close to a coast, the water source availability is very high on quality and serves as a tourist attraction. Sewage and other waste disposal Sewage and waste disposal in the city of horizon is very well organized and maintained (Owen et al 2010). Housing type and adequacy In the year 2011, 16% of the household types in the city of horizon consist of couples with children. The total number of households in the city of horizon is 11,057. Socio-Cultural features The review of socio-cultural features of a city discusses the manner in which the community and society in the city is organized and structured. Marital Status - In the year 2011, 16% of the household types in the city of horizon consist of couples with children. The city of horizon has household of married couples with and without children. The total number of married couples in Horizon is 6147. Family composition The families in the city of horizon are classified into several groups like couples with children and without children, one parent families, lone individuals, visitors, etc. Education level In the year 2011 around 3296 individuals in the city of horizon had tertiary qualification. In the city of horizon, only 13434 individuals are unqualified (Scannapieco and Ho 2010). Income In the city of horizon, 4 % population have an income of $1,500 or more per week. The nil income index is only 5.4% and 17.4% of individuals earn more than $400-$599 every week. Employment rates and occupation types - Approximately 4,647 individuals in the city of Horizon are employed out of which 48% individuals have full time jobs and the rest work part time. Transport - Princes Highway is which connects the city of Horizon to other parts of Australia. Leadership of Community the city of horizon is home to many dives communities thus the leadership of community id divided in the same manner. Religion There are many religions followed in the city of horizon, however, the most powerful of them all are the Christians and the Western (Roman) Catholic. Community Groups and Organizations Many communities like indigenous communities have their homes in the city of horizon and they have separate organizations. Behavioral features Reviewing cities behavioral features includes analyzing how the society and community uses the natural resources available. Access to goods and services The Princes Highway helps to connect the city of horizon to other parts of South Australia which helps the city to access goods and services from Adelaide and Melbourne. Shopping facilities There is a Horizon shopping mall in the city of horizon which is also a tourist attraction (Brown et al 2010). Sports and Recreation facilities One of the features of the city of Horizon includes a recreation house which will surely have sports activities for the individuals in the city to indulge in. Leisure activities - Horizon Cultural Centre, Romero Vineyard and Wine Complex, Yonder Museum and Library, Horizon Aquatic Centre, Horizon Recreation Centre, Limestone Lake Adventure Park and Playground, Horizon Mall, the Horizon Hotel Limestone Coast Caves are some of the places in the city of horizon which can be used for leisure and attract tourism also. Entertainment facilities There are many entertainment facilities in the city of horizon which includes diverse places like cultural houses, recreation centers, shopping malls, parks, aqua parks and caves. Dinning and eating facilities As fishing is a major industry in Australia, sea food is very popular in the city of Horizon. Additionally, as the city of Horizon is tourist attraction in South Australia, there are many restaurants and dining facilities available in Horizon. Heath System The Horizon Hospital and Health Services is the major health care centre in the city of Horizon which treats the citizens of the city. Additionally, the heath care services available in the city of Horizon helps to prevent the spread to contagious diseases and creating awareness amongst the citizens of the city about health care and its prevention (Lawrence, Hancock and Kisely 2013). Conclusion and Recommendations Thus, after the reviewing the above mentioned aspects of the city of Horizon, it can be concluded that the city is well equipped with most health care facilities and services, however, the city requires to take some care in respect of prevention of contagious diseases which can be spread in the city due to massive tourists who comes from different parts in the world like Africa, having certain regional diseases. Also, as the city is very small in size and population, the shortfall of medical facilities and services can be a matter of concern if contagious diseases affect the entire city. Part B Potential health issue and role of registered nurse City of Horizon, located in Limestone Coast Region of Australia has a population of about 29308 people till 2016. Horizon is a popular tourist destination and has exceptional health care facilities like Pharmacy, Radiology, Physiotherapy, Medical Service and GP clinic. There is aged-care service too. It also has an ethnic group of the population consisting of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander group. As the city attracts a large number of tourist, therefore the key health related issue will be a lack of equity in health care and problem of workforce supply and distribution. When any place has a number of citizens and traffic of tourist, there will be an imbalance in health services and quality and safety of health services is compromised. Since horizon community has the ethnic population, achieving health equity is significant (Bungay et al. 2016). Due to continuous shift in demographics and disparities in health care outcome, nursing is a challenge in advanced health care. Health inequity can cost people their lives. Registered nurse have a role in giving holistic care to citizens of Horizon by looking into an environment, culture and socioeconomic status of patients. They can play a role in making lives better for Aboriginal and Torres Islander group of people. This ethnic group of Australia does not have proper access to health care facilities. Due to a different language of aboriginal, the problem occurs in health care delivery. It is necessary for the nurse to understand the language of the ethnic group to give adequate care. The ethnic group faces a high rate of poor health and chronic diseases like renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. They have poor access to health care which is evidenced by the high rate of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Due to lack of knowledge, they indulge in unhealthy and risky behavior like alcoholism and substance abuse. A registered nurse has to look into all these issues and provide appropriate to care about such people (Mohammed et al. 2016). To address all the above issue nurse has to develop cultural competency skills. It is a desired attitude and behavior of nurse that will enable them to work efficiently to handle cross-cultural patients. The nurse has to develop an understanding of the cultural sense of people before starting treatment process. They have to keep cultural values and principals of individual people in mind. This will help in building good relation with patient and gaining patient satisfaction. While handling a diverse group of the population, the nurse should have a high level of awareness, knowledge and skills to maintain continuity in treatment. The key elements in gaining cultural competence are awareness, attitude, knowledge and skills. The nurse should be conscious of different people reaction to health care. They can educate the ethnic group about the importance of checking health care needs and taking regular treatment option. They should have the attitude to handle all kind of people as those w ith little or no knowledge of health care. If they know the cultural sense of individuals, they their nursing practice will be free of cultural bias. It will bring better outcome in health care. The problem of workforce supply can be handled by reduces by introducing more culturally competent workforce. More clinic should be opened in ethnic areas to give the ethnic group better access to health care facility (Phillips and Malone 2014). Reference List Brown, W., Bryson, L., Byles, J., Dobson, A., Manderson, L., Schofield, M. and Williams, G., 2010. 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